Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, COMPARATIVE and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of COMPARISON and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step COMPARISON method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and COMPARISON with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

One of the criticisms of COMPARATIVE philosophy is the incommensurability of different traditions. That is, various systems or disciplines, conceptually and methodologically different, are grown in the context of different traditions and thus making them incommensurable. Xianglong Zhang holds that incommensurability is because of the lack of grounds for COMPARISON. To accomplish fruitful COMPARISONs, one ought to fully discern the points of COMPARISON. The originality of the current paper is its attempt to draw attention to the point that COMPARATIVE philosophy should be approached through an inter-paradigmatic stand. It can be attained when the researcher transcends the limits of paradigms. Inter-paradigmatic perspective along with grounds for COMPARISON when maintained leads to effective COMPARISON of philosophical traditions

Automatic topic detection seems unavoidable in social media analysis due to big text data which their users generate. Clustering-based methods are one of the most important and up-to-date categories in topic detection. The goal of this research is to have a wide study on this category. Therefore, this paper aims to study the main components of clustering-based-topic-detection, which are embedding methods, distance metrics, and clustering algorithms. Transfer learning and consequently pretrained language models and word embeddings have been considered in recent years. Regarding the importance of embedding methods, the efficiency of five new embedding methods, from earlier to recent ones, are compared in this paper. To conduct our study, two commonly used distance metrics, in addition to five important clustering algorithms in the field of topic detection, are implemented by the authors. As COVID-19 has turned into a hot trending topic on social networks in recent years, a dataset including one-month tweets collected with COVID-19-related hashtags is used for this study. More than 7500 experiments are performed to determine tunable parameters. Then all combinations of embedding methods, distance metrics and clustering algorithms (50 combinations) are evaluated using Silhouette metric. Results show that T5 strongly outperforms other embedding methods, cosine distance is weakly better than other distance metrics, and DBSCAN is superior to other clustering algorithms.

Introduction: Curricula are the heart of educational system. It seems necessary to dynamically review and upgrade them. This study endeavored to compare undergraduate curricula in selected countries of the world. Methods: The analytical-COMPARATIVE study was conducted in the academic year 2023 by comparing the content of nursing bachelor's curricula in Iran with selected universities in America, Pakistan, and the United Arab Emirates based on the Bereday model. The data was collected by searching the database of selected universities and COMPARATIVE COMPARISON was done in four successive steps of description, interpretation, COMPARISON and COMPARISON, focusing on the weaknesses and strengths of each program. Results: Despite the major similarity in the curriculum of four universities, significant differences are also seen. In the general units’ section, religious courses in Iran, English language courses in Pakistan, personal development courses in America and innovation-entrepreneurship courses in the UAE are prominent. In specialized courses, the strengths of the programs included the high number of "adult nursing" units in Iran, the high number of "community health" units, as well as the "nursing theories" and "health and society culture" units in Pakistan, the highest number of "pharmacology" units and "Professional ethics", as well as "social justice and justice in health" and "nursing in complex health problems" units in America, and "health information" and "cultural diversity in care" units in the UAE were significant. Conclusion: In Iran's nursing curriculum, some effective units are felt missing to coordinate with the global changes in the field of health. It is expected that the content of undergraduate curricula will be improved to train nurses who are responsive to the health needs of the society.

Memorial architecture affects people in terms of shape, plan and design purpose. Therefore, it is necessary to know the basics of building design in criticizing its architecture. The history of architecture has presented forms and structures in line with social events. One of the important contemporary events is the Islamic Revolution and the era of holy defense. Islamic revolution has important concepts in social, economic and artistic issues. Respecting the martyrs and fighters and trying for inter-generational dialogue led to the design of monuments, memorials and museums. The purpose of this research is the COMPARATIVE COMPARISON of war and holy defense museums. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the body, circulation and spaces by using case examples and using descriptive-analytical research methods. Based on the importance of the research and with the aim of identifying the design patterns of the museums of war and holy defense, this research tries to answer the following question with a COMPARATIVE study: What are the physical-conceptual characteristics that shape the museums of war and holy defense? Results show; the war museums and holy defense museums are completely different in terms of content and form in such a way that the symbols, space creation and physical expression are inconsistent.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

As a part of the human society, children have formed the future generation of every country, and the child's interaction with the surrounding environment requires his physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the environment that promotes mental and physical development of the child. In order to check the suitable environment for children, the initiative of the child-friendly city has been taken into consideration. The general purpose of this research is to improve the status of two cities from the perspective of a child-friendly city and to identify the appropriate indicators of a child-friendly city and to make a COMPARATIVE COMPARISON in the two metropolises of Tehran and Isfahan. The current research is developmental in terms of the combined method and in terms of the goal, and it is based on library and documentary studies, field surveys and interviews. Yeoman-Whitney test was used to analyze the indicators. The results of the evaluation show that in the COMPARISON of the two cities of Tehran and Isfahan in terms of the examined indicators (social and physical, economic, environmental, urban management and leisure), Tehran city in the variable of safety and protection with an average of 3.09 and Isfahan city in Participation and citizenship variables with an average of 3.22 have a favorable level. Although Tehran is in a better condition compared to Isfahan in other indicators, in general, both cities are far apart in terms of standard indicators, and suggestions have been made in this regard.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a COMPARATIVE study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

Cultural identity and social behavior are two fundamental elements in shaping both individual and societal values within any community. Cultural identity, which originates from a society's culture, history, geography, and language, serves as a marker for lifestyle and social behavior. The education system plays a crucial role as a key medium for transmitting this identity and behaviors from one generation to the next. This study examines and compares the role of cultural identity and social behavior in the school curricula of Iran and Japan. The aim of this research is to analyze the extent to which cultural identity and social behavior are emphasized in the Iranian curriculum and to compare this with the approaches in Japan’s educational system, a leading country in this field. Data for the research were collected through library sources, scientific and research articles, theses, and a systematic review of the literature was employed. The results indicate that while the Iranian curriculum is primarily focused on specialized subjects in basic and human sciences, Japan places significant emphasis on fostering cultural identity and Eastern ethics in its students. In Japan, the school system is not only viewed as an educational environment but also as a temple for developing individuals with strong cultural and moral identities.